What Cialis (tadalafil) is and what it does
Cialis is the brand name for tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. By relaxing smooth muscle and enhancing blood flow to specific tissues, it helps men get and keep an erection when sexually stimulated. The same active ingredient is also used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and a different brand (Adcirca) treats pulmonary arterial hypertension at different doses.
This page focuses on erectile dysfunction use in adults in the United States. For safety details on other uses or conditions, see Before using and Drug interactions.
Fast facts
- Common dosages available: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets
- Active ingredient: Tadalafil
- Primary indication: Erectile dysfunction (ED); also used for BPH; Adcirca brand for PAH
- Typical onset: about 30-60 minutes; long half-life enables up to 36-hour window
- Not intended for use by women or children
Related contexts: performance and sport. Tadalafil is not approved to enhance athletic performance; athletes should confirm rules with their governing body. See Legal status in the USA.
Before using tadalafil
Never combine tadalafil with nitrates. Pairing tadalafil with any nitrate can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure leading to fainting, stroke, or heart attack. This includes prescription nitroglycerin and recreational nitrites (poppers). Details in Drug interactions.
A rare but serious vision problem called NAION has been reported in PDE5 inhibitor users. It is unclear if tadalafil directly causes it, but risks are higher in people over 50 or with heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, eye disorders, or in smokers. Seek emergency care for any sudden vision loss.
Tell your prescriber if any of the following apply. You might need a different dose, closer monitoring, or to avoid tadalafil entirely:
- Retinitis pigmentosa or other inherited eye conditions
- Kidney impairment or dialysis treatment
- Recent heart attack within the last 90 days
- Irregular heartbeat or other heart rhythm problems
- Recent stroke or episode of heart failure within the last 6 months
- Very high or very low blood pressure
- Stomach or duodenal ulcer, or history of GI bleeding
- Blood cell disorders such as sickle cell disease, multiple myeloma, or leukemia
- Liver disease of any severity
- Angina or chest pain
- Penile anatomical changes like Peyronie disease
- Any medical advice that you should not have sexual activity
- Bleeding disorders including hemophilia
Special populations: Although historically labeled as FDA Pregnancy Category B, tadalafil is not indicated for women and its presence in human breast milk is unknown. Older adults (65+) may require lower doses. Always follow your clinician's instructions.
How to take Cialis
Use with a full glass of water. A high-fat meal may delay the effect. Sexual stimulation is required for tadalafil to work; the tablet alone does not cause an erection.
On-demand dosing
Most people take tadalafil only when needed, about 30 to 60 minutes before sexual activity. Do not take more than once per day; keep at least 24 hours between doses.
Daily dosing
Some patients use 2.5 mg or 5 mg once daily for continuous effect and for BPH symptoms. Take at the same time every day.
Missed dose and overdose
- If you use tadalafil only as needed, there is no regular schedule and a missed dose does not apply.
- If on daily dosing and you miss a tablet, take it when remembered unless it is close to your next dose. Do not double up.
- Overdose symptoms can include chest pain, nausea, fainting, feeling light-headed, or an irregular heartbeat. Seek emergency help right away.
Storage
Keep tablets at room temperature, dry, and out of excessive heat.
Practical tips on alcohol, grapefruit, and combining with other ED therapies are in What to avoid and Drug interactions.
What to avoid while taking tadalafil
- Large amounts of alcohol, which can worsen dizziness or blood pressure drops
- Grapefruit or its juice without medical guidance because it can raise tadalafil levels
- Any additional ED treatments such as yohimbine or alprostadil (Caverject, Muse, Edex) unless your clinician approves combination therapy
Possible side effects
Stop sexual activity if you feel chest pain, dizziness, nausea, numbness, or tingling in your chest, arms, neck, or jaw. Call a clinician immediately. Seek urgent care for any sudden loss of vision or if an erection is painful or lasts 4 or more hours.
Serious reactions - get urgent help
- Allergic reaction: hives, trouble breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat
- Chest pain or pressure, sweating, malaise, or pain radiating to arm or shoulder
- Shortness of breath or swelling of hands, ankles, or feet
- Irregular heartbeat or fainting
- Sudden vision changes or vision loss
- Priapism: erection lasting 4+ hours or with significant pain
Common or mild effects
- Flushing or warmth of the face, neck, or chest
- Headache
- Back discomfort or muscle aches
- Nasal congestion
- Upset stomach or indigestion
Other effects can occur. If any symptom is severe, persistent, or unusual, consult your healthcare professional.
Drug and substance interactions
Absolute contraindication: Do not take tadalafil with any nitrate, even if used intermittently.
- Nitrates and nitrites: nitroglycerin (sublingual, spray, patch, ointment), isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, amyl nitrite or nitrite poppers
Medications and products that may increase or decrease tadalafil levels or blood pressure effects. Always review your full medication list with your prescriber:
- Alpha blockers for BPH or hypertension: doxazosin, terazosin, prazosin, alfuzosin
- Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors: ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole; macrolides such as clarithromycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin
- HIV or HCV protease inhibitors and certain boosters
- Grapefruit juice and grapefruit products
- Moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors: diltiazem, verapamil, cimetidine, nicardipine
- CYP3A4 inducers that can reduce effect: rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine; carbamazepine; phenytoin; phenobarbital
- Bosentan (may lower tadalafil levels)
- Legacy agents with interaction potential: cisapride, mibefradil
Combining with other ED therapies should be medically supervised. For lifestyle substances and foods to avoid, see What to avoid.
Alternatives and price overview in USD
Costs vary widely by pharmacy, location, insurance, and coupon use. The figures below are rough cash prices per tablet as of 2024-2026 in the United States; check local listings for current offers.
- Generic tadalafil (Cialis equivalent): 5 mg daily tablets often about $0.30-$1.00 each; 10-20 mg on-demand about $1.00-$8.00
- Brand Cialis: typically $45-$80 per 20 mg tablet, $12-$25 per 5 mg tablet
- Generic sildenafil (Viagra equivalent): commonly $0.20-$2.00 per 50-100 mg tablet
- Vardenafil (Levitra; generics available): about $2-$6 per 10-20 mg tablet; brand higher
- Avanafil (Stendra): often $15-$30 per 100-200 mg tablet
- Alprostadil (Caverject, Edex, Muse) non-oral options: device or vial costs vary, roughly $20-$100 per dose depending on formulation
How tadalafil compares: It has a longer half-life than sildenafil or vardenafil, offering a 24-36 hour window sometimes called the weekend effect. Avanafil may start working faster but is usually pricier. If cost is the primary concern, generic sildenafil is often the least expensive; if flexibility is preferred, tadalafil daily or on-demand may suit you better. Always decide with your clinician.
Legal status and practical rules in the USA
- Prescription-only: Tadalafil for ED or BPH requires a valid prescription from a licensed US clinician, including through telehealth.
- Online pharmacies: Use state-licensed or NABP-verified (VIPPS or .pharmacy) providers. Avoid sites that sell without a prescription.
- Importation: Personal import of prescription drugs from abroad is generally prohibited. Limited FDA discretion may apply but is not guaranteed; customs may seize shipments.
- Age and safety: Intended for adult use. Sharing prescription medication is illegal and unsafe.
- Insurance: Many plans cover generics; prior authorization may be required. Discount programs and coupons can significantly reduce cash prices.
- Athletics: As of recent WADA lists, tadalafil is not specifically prohibited, but athletes must verify organization rules. Never combine with illicit nitrite poppers.
- Driving and work: If dizziness or visual changes occur, avoid driving or operating machinery.
- Record-keeping: Pharmacies maintain prescription records; electronic prescribing is common and valid across states subject to licensing.
For questions about safe sourcing or cross-state fills, speak to your pharmacist. For safety topics while using tadalafil, revisit Side effects and Drug interactions.
Quick answers
- How often can I take it? No more than once per day for on-demand use.
- Can food affect it? High-fat meals may slow the start; water is fine.
- Is it OK with alcohol? Limit use; alcohol can amplify side effects.
- Can I switch from sildenafil? Yes, but do so with clinician guidance and leave adequate time between agents.
Still deciding between daily and on-demand dosing? Compare the approaches in How to take Cialis and cost options in Alternatives and prices.